💡 Ide Utama
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Bisa disingkat jika subject di klausa sama dengan subject di kalimat utama
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Jika ada be-verb (is, are,was) juga buang sisakan adverb connector-nya
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jika tidak ada be-verb / aktif, buang subject dan ubah kata kerja jadi bentuk -ing
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tidak semua connector bisa disingkat, beberapa connector (seperti Once, until, if) hanya mau disingkat jika kalimat-nya passive.
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yang bisa di reduksi secara umum
| Jenis Hubungan | Kata Penghubung | Bisa Direduksi? | Contoh |
|---|---|---|---|
| Time (Waktu) | after, before, since, while, when, until | ✅ Bisa (aktif atau pasif) | While walking, he fell. |
| Contrast (Pertentangan) | although, though | ✅ Bisa | Although tired, she kept working. |
| Manner (Cara) | as | ✅ Bisa | As mentioned, this is important. |
| Place (Tempat) | where, wherever | ✅ Bisa | Wherever found, the stones were collected. |
- Bisa di reduksi jika verb Pasif
| Kata Penghubung | Penjelasan | Contoh Lengkap | Reduced |
|---|---|---|---|
| once | hanya bisa kalau pasif | Once it is finished, we can go. | ✅ Once finished, we can go. |
| until | jarang direduksi aktif, bisa pasif | Until it is completed, we must wait. | ✅ Until completed, we must wait. |
| when (kadang) | bisa direduksi aktif atau pasif tergantung makna | When you arrive, call me. | ✅ When arriving, call me. |
| if / unless | kadang bisa direduksi aktif (kalimat sederhana) | If used properly, this tool is safe. | ✅ If used properly, this tool is safe. |
| 🚫 3. Adverb clause connectors yang TIDAK bisa di-reduksi | |||
| Kata-kata ini tidak logis kalau subject atau verb-nya dihapus karena akan membingungkan makna hubungan antar klausa. |
| Kata Penghubung | Alasan | Contoh |
|---|---|---|
| because | Menunjukkan sebab → harus jelas siapa yang melakukan | ❌ Because tired, he left. (salah) |
| so that / in order that | Menunjukkan tujuan → butuh subject dan verb | ❌ So that finished early, we left. |
| even if / even though | Maknanya terlalu spesifik → tidak alami kalau direduksi | ❌ Even though raining, we went out. (tidak alami untuk TOEFL) |
| since (meaning “because”) | Kalau berarti “karena”, tidak bisa direduksi | ❌ Since raining, we stayed home. |
- rangkuman
| Bisa direduksi aktif | Bisa direduksi pasif saja | Tidak bisa direduksi |
|---|---|---|
| after, before, while, when, since | once, until, when (kadang), if | because, so that, even though, since (“karena”) |
🗒️ Note Example
- although he is rather unwell, the speaker will take part… (full)
- although rather unwell, the speaker will take part… (reduce)
- When you give your speech, you should speak loudly.
- when giving your speech, you should speak loudly
- once it is submitted, your thesis will be reviewed
- Once submitted, your thesis will be reviewed.
- once you submit your thesis, you will graduate. (passive)
- once submitting your thesis… ❌
💪Exercise
🔗 Sumber
⌛ Created Wednesday, 22 October 2025 - 19:18